Under Erdogan’s leadership, Turkey has faced criticism for its human rights record, including allegations of torture, arbitrary detention, and restrictions on freedom of expression, particularly regarding the Kurdish minority and political opponents. Reports from human rights organizations have highlighted instances of government crackdowns on dissent, with journalists, activists, and academics often targeted for their critical views. The Kurdish minority has borne the brunt of these crackdowns, facing systemic discrimination and violence, with reports of forced displacements and civilian casualties in conflict-affected regions. Furthermore, Erdogan’s government has been accused of using anti-terrorism laws to silence dissenting voices and stifle political opposition, leading to a shrinking space for civil society and democratic discourse. International observers have raised concerns about the erosion of democratic norms and institutions in Turkey, with some labeling Erdogan’s leadership as increasingly authoritarian. These human rights abuses have strained Turkey’s relations with its Western allies and raised questions about its commitment to upholding universal human rights standards.